The difference between the two is that Usenet articles can be read by any user whose news server carries the group to which the message was posted, as opposed to email messages which have one or more specific recipients. The format and transmission of Usenet articles is similar to that of Internet e-mail messages. Usenet has significant cultural importance in the networked world, having given rise to, or popularized, many widely recognized concepts and terms such as "FAQ" and " spam". Many sites on the original Usenet network would connect only once or twice a day to batch-transfer messages in and out. Usenet was designed under conditions when networks were much slower, and not always available. Some have noted that this seems an inefficient protocol in the era of abundant high-speed network access. The later peer-to-peer networks operate on a similar principle but for Usenet it is normally the sender, rather than the receiver, who initiates transfers. In this fashion, the article is copied from server to server and (if all goes well) eventually reaches every server in the network. Each news server talks to one or more other servers (its "newsfeeds") and exchanges articles with them. When a user posts an article, it is initially only available on that user's news server. Most modern newsreaders display the articles arranged into threads and subthreads. The set of articles which can be traced to one single non-reply article is called a thread. In most newsgroups, the majority of the articles are responses to some other article.
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When a user subscribes to a newsgroup, the news client software keeps track of which articles that user has read. For instance, sci.math and sci.physics are within the sci hierarchy, for science. The articles that users post to Usenet are organized into topical categories called newsgroups, which are themselves logically organized into hierarchies of subjects. The name Usenet emphasized its creators' hope that the USENIX organization would take an active role in its operation. It was originally built on the "poor man's ARPANET," employing UUCP as its transport protocol to offer mail and file transfers, as well as announcements through the newly developed news software such as A News. It was conceived in 1979 and publicly established in 1980 at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and Duke University, over a decade before the World Wide Web was developed and the general public got access to the Internet. Usenet is one of the oldest computer network communications systems still in widespread use.
Individual users may read messages from and post messages to a local server operated by a commercial usenet provider, their Internet service provider, university, or employer. Usenet is distributed among a large, constantly changing conglomeration of servers that store and forward messages to one another in so-called news feeds.
One notable difference between a BBS or web forum and Usenet is the absence of a central server and dedicated administrator. Discussions are threaded, with modern news reader software, as with web forums and BBSes, though posts are stored on the server sequentially. Usenet can be superficially regarded as a hybrid between email and web forums.
Usenet resembles a bulletin board system (BBS) in many respects, and is the precursor to the various Internet forums that are widely used today. Users read and post messages (called articles or posts, and collectively termed news) to one or more categories, known as newsgroups. It was developed from the general purpose UUCP architecture of the same name.ĭuke University graduate students Tom Truscott and Jim Ellis conceived the idea in 1979 and it was established in 1980. Usenet is a worldwide distributed Internet discussion system. Arrows between clients and servers indicate that a user is subscribed to a certain group and reads or submits articles. Arrows between servers indicate newsgroup group exchanges (feeds). The blue, green, and red dots on the servers represent the groups they carry.
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